Depression in childhood and adolescence is a serious mental health condition affecting children and young people. Understanding the signs and symptoms is crucial in order to seek the right help.
What Is Childhood and Adolescent Depression?
Childhood and adolescent depression is a psychiatric disorder characterised by a persistently sad or irritable mood. It can have a negative impact on young people's behaviour, school performance and social relationships.
Warning Signs
Symptoms of depression in children and adolescents may include:
- Persistent sadness or irritability
- Loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed
- Changes in appetite and sleep
- Difficulty concentrating
- Low self-esteem and feelings of guilt
- Social withdrawal
- Physical complaints, such as headaches and abdominal pain
These signs can vary in intensity and are often confused with other conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Causes of Childhood and Adolescent Depression
Depression can be triggered by a range of factors, including:
- Traumatic events (parents separating, the death of a loved one)
- Significant changes (moving school or home)
- Genetic predisposition
- Relationship difficulties and a dysfunctional family environment
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis is essential and may involve detailed psychological and psychiatric assessments. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice, with possible family intervention and, in more serious cases, the use of medication. The therapeutic approach should be individualised, depending on the severity and duration of the symptoms.
Conclusion
Recognising and treating depression in children and adolescents is vital to ensuring healthy, balanced development. Parents and carers should watch for the warning signs and seek professional help when needed.
Kids and Teens – Paediatric specialty clinic, Lisbon
